Photographs by Ansel Adams 安塞爾．亞當斯的攝影作品

托福 TPO 068 考題符合托福 iBT 整合寫作的標準格式：在閱讀內容部分，作者提出三個理由用以主張加州某批拍賣的攝影底片乃安塞爾．亞當斯的攝影作品。而在講課內容部分，則對此三項理由一一加以反駁。

在閱讀內容方面出現一些專業術語，但是都不難理解，因為文章都有附上補充說明。而在講課內容中，均沿用閱讀段落的術語，並沒有出現新的專業詞彙，所以不會有聽力部分遭到突襲的憂慮。

整篇難度屬於中等程度。只要能夠掌握整合寫作的聽力技巧、寫作格式、並通曉評分原則，應該能夠拿到至少 25 分。

本份考題英文原文與對應之中文翻譯整理如下。練習作答解題時若有對語意不清楚之處，請仔細查閱對照，以提升閱讀與聽力的理解能力。

Reading 閱讀內容

1.  

   At a sale at a private home in California several years ago, a man purchased a box of photographic negatives stored in envelopes (negatives are photographic images on film or glass from which actual photographs can be made). The negatives dated from the 1920s and showed landscape scenes of the western United States. While the negatives carried no indication of the name of the photographer who created them, some people have concluded that the negatives were in fact made by the landscape photographer Ansel Adams, one of the greatest American photographers of the twentieth century. Several arguments have been offered in support of this idea.

   點此看中文翻譯

   幾年前，在加利福尼亞的一個私人住宅的拍賣會上，一名男子購買了一箱存放在信封裡的攝影底片（底片是膠片或玻璃上的攝影圖像，可以用來製作實際照片）。這些底片是 20 世紀 20 年代的，顯示了美國西部的風景。雖然底片上沒有標明創作這些照片的攝影師的名字，但一些人得出結論，這些底片實際上是由風景攝影師安塞爾．亞當斯拍攝的，他是二十世紀最偉大的美國攝影師之一。為支持此一觀點，人們提出了幾個論據。

2.  

   First, the negatives include images of landscape features that Ansel Adams is known to have photographed. One of the negatives shows a large pine tree leaning downward on a cliff. The same distinctively shaped tree appears in another photograph that, without a doubt, was taken by Adams in the 1920s.

   點此看中文翻譯

   首先，這些底片包括安塞爾．亞當斯已知拍攝過的風景特徵的圖像。其中一張底片顯示一棵大松樹向下傾斜在懸崖上。同樣形狀獨特的樹出現在另一張照片中，毫無疑問，那是亞當斯在 20 世紀 20 年代拍攝的。

3.  

   Second, the envelopes holding the negatives are numbered and marked with handwritten place names. The handwriting on the envelopes seems to resemble the handwriting of Virginia Adams, Ansel Adams’ wife. Virginia Adams is known to have assisted her husband in his work, so those who believe that Ansel Adams created these negatives have concluded that she helped her husband organize these negatives by numbering them and recording the names of the places where the images were created.

   點此看中文翻譯

   第二，裝底片的信封上有編號，並標有手寫的地名。信封上的筆跡似乎很像安塞爾．亞當斯的妻子維吉尼亞．亞當斯的筆跡。眾所周知，維吉尼亞．亞當斯曾協助她丈夫的工作，所以那些認為安塞爾．亞當斯創作了這些底片的人認為，她幫助她丈夫整理這些底片，為它們編號，並記錄了創作這些圖像的地名。

4.  

   Third, a number of the negatives have been damaged by fire. It is well known that Ansel Adams’ photography studio had a fire that destroyed or damaged nearly a third of his negatives. The fact that some of the negatives bought at the sale have fire damage is consistent with the idea that they once belonged to Ansel Adams.

   點此看中文翻譯

   第三，一些底片已經被火燒燬。眾所周知，安塞爾．亞當斯的攝影工作室曾發生過一場大火，燒燬或損壞了他近三分之一的底片。在拍賣會上買到的一些底片有火燒的痕跡，這與它們曾經屬於安塞爾．亞當斯的想法是一致的。

Lecture 講課內容

提供講課內容的中文翻譯有兩個目的。首先是幫助聽力有困難的同學能夠快速且精確地了解原文的意思。而更重要的原因是，提供給練習英語口語表達的讀者訓練的素材。

由於每個人的知識範疇各不相同，因此碰到超出自己專長的領域，常常會啞口無言，無話可說。這對練習英語表達是一項非常難以克服的障礙。所以參考托福整合寫作英語原稿，既可以讓自我練習英語聽力或會話時有貼切適當的素材，同時也能學些道地的表達方式，實是一舉數得。

使用上，可以在聽完一、兩次原始音檔之後，試著一邊看中文譯稿，一邊流利、正確地用英語說出文中的內容。多次練習之後，未來自然能夠在碰到同樣主題時與人侃侃而談。

1.  

   Now, listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.

   The reading's arguments that the photographic negatives were created by Ansel Adams are not convincing. It's true that the negatives have some similarities to Adams' work, but there are explanations for those similarities.

   點此看中文翻譯

   閱讀內容關於攝影底片是由安塞爾．亞當斯創作的論點是沒有說服力的。這些底片確實與亞當斯的作品有一些相似之處，但這些相似之處是可以解釋的。

2.  

   First, the leaning pine tree that appears in one of the negatives. Well, this tree is not just a random tree that Ansel Adams took a liking to. In fact, this tree is a famous landmark in Yosemite National Park. The park has hundreds of thousands of visitors in the 1920s. And the pine tree captured on the negative happened to be one of its most visited sites. Because the tree was such a popular symbol of Yosemite, a lot of photographers, not just Ansel Adams, are known to have taken photographs of it.

   點此看中文翻譯

   首先，出現在其中一張底片中的傾斜的松樹。嗯，這棵樹並不是安塞爾．亞當斯隨機喜愛的一棵樹。事實上，這棵樹是優勝美地國家公園的一個著名地標。該公園在 20 世紀 20 年代有成千上萬名遊客。而底片上拍攝的這棵松樹恰好是其最受歡迎的景點之一。因為這棵樹是優勝美地如此受歡迎的象徵，很多攝影師，不僅僅是安塞爾．亞當斯，據知都為它拍過照片。

3.  

   Second, the handwriting on the envelopes. As you read, some of the envelopes have a place name written on them, for example, names of famous Yosemite landmarks. But the person who wrote the names of the locations on the envelopes did not spell some of them correctly. Now, Virginia Adams grew up in Yosemite. Her father was an artist who had an art studio in the park, so she knew Yosemite very well. Does it really make sense that she would misspell place names familiar to her since childhood?

   點此看中文翻譯

   第二，信封上的字跡。如你所看到的，有些信封上寫有地名，例如優勝美地著名地標的名字。但在信封上寫下地名的人並沒有正確地拼寫其中的一些地名。但是，維吉尼亞．亞當斯在優勝美地長大。她的父親是一位藝術家，在公園裡有一個藝術工作室，所以她對優勝美地非常瞭解。她會把她從小就熟悉的地名拼錯，這真的合理嗎？

4.  

   Third, about fire damage to the negatives. The process that photographers use to create negatives in the 1920s was dangerous. It involved using highly flammable chemicals. And these chemicals could cause a fire to start very easily. So a fire in a photographer's studio was not an unusual occurrence in those days and a great number of professional photographers had work that was damaged by fire.

   點此看中文翻譯

   第三，關於火災對底片的破壞。在 20 世紀 20 年代，攝影師用來製作底片的過程很危險。它涉及使用高度可燃的化學品。而這些化學品很容易導致火災發生。因此，在那些日子裡，攝影師工作室發生火災並不罕見，大量的專業攝影師都有被火燒燬的作品。