By 謝忠理 on Friday, 10 February 2023
Category: 經濟學人

聊天機器人與搜尋大戰—《經濟學人》懶人包 No. 9333 (2023/02/11)

在過去 25 年間,搜索引擎一直是網際網路的門面。AltaVista 是第一個允許搜索網路全文的網站,但很快就被谷歌擊退,此後谷歌在世界大部分地區獨霸這個領域。但是,沒有什麼是永恆的,特別是在技術方面。由人工智慧驅動的聊天機器人讓用戶透過輸入的對話來收集訊息。引領此一領域的是由新創公司 OpenAI 製作的 ChatGPT。截至 1 月底,在推出兩個月後,ChatGPT 有超過 1 億人使用,使其成為歷史上成長最快的消費者應用程序。2 月 7 日,對 OpenAI 投資超過 110 億美元的微軟披露了其搜索引擎 Bing 的一個新版本,其中包含了 ChatGPT。微軟的執行長 Satya Nadella 認為這是他挑戰谷歌的機會。聊天機器人提出了棘手的問題,但也提供了一個機會,使線上訊息更有用,更容易獲取。就像 20 世紀 90 年代搜索引擎首次出現時一樣,一個極為寶貴的榮銜—成為網際網路的入口—可能再次成為科技巨擘爭奪的對象。

【經典美語】獨家課程

《經濟學人》即時精修班

全台灣獨一無二的英語進修課程

每周三,即時精修班利用《經濟學人》綜合五大洋七大洲,橫跨政治、經濟、社會、文化各面向的精彩報導與分析,引領讀者進入英語閱讀與寫作的高級殿堂。統合字彙、文法、句型、結構、邏輯、背景知識,提供學者全方位的英語學習體驗。

課程說明請點選下列按鈕,並歡迎預約試聽 (實體、雲端)。

  • 一周大事

    The world this week

  • 政治

    Politics

    *** BESTPIX **** ELBISTAN, TURKEY - FEBRUARY 08: Local people and rescue volunteers retrieve a body during rescue operations on February 8, 2023 in Elbistan Turkey. A 7.8-magnitude earthquake hit near Gaziantep, Turkey, in the early hours of Monday, followed by another 7.5-magnitude tremor just after midday. The quakes caused widespread destruction in southern Turkey and northern Syria and were felt in nearby countries. (Photo by Mehmet Kacmaz/Getty Images)

    一周政治大事回顧。

    Read more

  • 商業

    Business

    Microsoft employees including, Dena Saunders, center, demonstrate the integration of the Microsoft Bing search engine and Edge browser with OpenAI on Tuesday, Feb. 7, 2023, in Redmond, Wash. (AP Photo/Stephen Brashear)

    一周經濟大事摘要。

    Read more

  • 社論

    Leaders

  • 社論

    Search engines

    網際網路搜索大戰:人工智慧聊天機器人會吃掉谷歌的午餐嗎?

    Read more

  • 社論

    Seismic shock

    土耳其和敘利亞的破壞性地震也可能顛覆政治:總統厄爾多安在 5 月時將面臨艱難的選舉。

    Read more

  • 社論

    A new social contract in the Gulf

    波斯灣地區的新社會契約:阿拉伯石油國家必須讓其公民為後石油時代的未來做好準備,改善學校與政治參與將是一個開始。

    Read more

  • 社論

    Wanted: severe contests

    如何促進美國的學術自由?提倡意識形態一致性的大學對學生是一種傷害。

    Read more

  • 社論

    China and America

    中國間諜氣球的冷戰教訓:為了避免危險的誤解,雙方應該增加對話。

    Read more

  • 社論

    Adani’s agony

    高塔姆.阿達尼受到的屈辱是對印度資本主義的一個考驗:最大的富豪需要最嚴厲的審查。

    Read more

  • 投書

    Letters

  • 投書

    Letters

    關於烏克蘭和俄羅斯,英國的運河,保護主義,珍娜.露露布莉姬妲,世界語,大麻,米老鼠,付錢給議員等文章的讀者反饋。

    Read more

  • 邀稿

    By Invitation

  • 邀稿

    Russia and Ukraine

    英國將領理查.巴倫斯爵士反思在烏克蘭的一年的戰事,並分析戰爭的特點如何變化。

    Read more

  • 邀稿

    Climate technology

    能源分析家 Michael Liebreich 希望現有的低碳技術能更快地擴大規模,並指出我們不能等待更多的創新能源成為可行的能源。

    Read more

  • 簡報

    Briefing

  • 簡報

    A tycoon at bay

    為什麼阿達尼集團的麻煩將在整個印度引起反響?這家企業集團不僅僅是大,它還體現了該國成長模式的所帶來的緊張。

    Read more

  • 美國

    United States

  • 美國

    New testaments

    美國大學正在根據對多樣性的奉獻來進行招聘教師,強制性聲明正迅速在學術界流行起來。

    Read more

  • 美國

    Drill, maybe, drill

    FILE -- A ConocoPhillips test well in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska in 2005. A federal judge in Alaska on Wednesday, Aug. 18, 2021, blocked construction permits for an expansive oil drilling project on the state's North Slope that was designed to produce more than 100,000 barrels of oil a day for the next 30 years. (Jim Wilson/The New York Times)Credit: New York Times / Redux / eyevineFor further information please contact eyevinetel: +44 (0) 20 8709 8709e-mail: info@eyevine.comwww.eyevine.com

    拜登沒有退出化石燃料的行列,本屆政府頒發的鑽井許可證比川普的白宮在同一階段頒發的還要多。

    Read more

  • 美國

    Chains of control

    Employees wearing cleanroom suits walk through the main bay inside the GlobalFoundries semiconductor manufacturing facility in Malta, New York, U.S., on Tuesday, March 16, 2021. Production plants for semiconductors have become a focal point as the economic recovery from the pandemic is held back in areas by a shortage of some of the critical electronic components necessary. Photographer: Adam Glanzman/Bloomberg via Getty Images

    美國加強了對與中國的技術貿易的控制,而目前美國這項最受歡迎的新經濟武器的歷史和局限性為何?

    Read more

  • 美國

    Picking winners

    FILE -- Former Vice President Joe Biden, a Democratic presidential hopeful, at a campaign event at Edisto Fork United Methodist Church in Orangeburg, S.C., July 6, 2019. National polls show that African-American voters remain Biden's most reliable voting bloc, and an area of relative weakness for Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.). (Demetrius Freeman/The New York Times)Credit: New York Times / Redux / eyevineFor further information please contact eyevinetel: +44 (0) 20 8709 8709e-mail: info@eyevine.comwww.eyevine.com

    新的初選日曆讓黑人民主黨人在 2024 年有了更早的發言權,此舉不太可能改變誰獲勝,但可能會加快進程。

    Read more

  • 美國

    Murdaugh most foul

    Defendant Alex Murdaugh prepares for jury selection to resume during his murder trial at the Colleton County Courthouse in Walterboro, S.C. on Monday, Jan. 23, 2023.( Joshua Boucher/The State via AP, Pool)

    默多克審判和小城鎮的權力:亞力克斯.默多克可能被認定為謀殺罪不成立,但他的麻煩不會就此結束。

    Read more

  • 美國

    Lexington

    歷史可能會以進行變革的政府來評價拜登的總統的任期,他確實有理由自我誇耀,但時間和共和黨眾議院目前卻沒有站在他這邊。

    Read more

  • 美洲

    The Americas

  • 美洲

    The revolutionary v the pragmatist

    哥倫比亞首位公開的左翼領導人古斯塔沃.彼得羅擁有的野心不小,但這位新任總統能否帶來「全面和平」?

    Read more

  • 美洲

    Friends with benefits

    President-elect Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva waves from an open car after departing from the Metropolitan Cathedral to Congress for his swearing-in ceremony, in Brasilia, Brazil, Sunday, Jan. 1, 2023. (AP Photo/Gustavo Moreno)

    巴西新任總統將訪問拜登以促進關係,但是魯拉可能也想讓中國滿意。

    Read more

  • 亞洲

    Asia

  • 亞洲

    Broken and broke

    巴基斯坦面臨債務違約風險,國際收支危機正使其脆弱的經濟陷入困境。

    Read more

  • 亞洲

    Cricket

    India's Sneh Rana (L) celebrates with wicketkeeper Richa Ghosh (C) the wicket of Pakistans Nashra Sandhu during the Round 1 Women's Cricket World Cup match between India and Pakistan in Tauranga on March 6, 2022. (Photo by MICHAEL BRADLEY / AFP) (Photo by MICHAEL BRADLEY/AFP via Getty Images)

    印度投資者大舉參與女子板球運動,女子超級聯賽會不會起飛?

    Read more

  • 亞洲

    Arubaito abroad

    Atsuko Morita shows her friend Aya Iwaki, right, some bar snacks while bartending at Festa Karaoke Bar in San Francisco , Calif., on Thursday, July 12, 2018. Morita, photographs dive bars with a large or medium format camera and color film. She also works four nights a week bartending at a karaoke bar in Japantown. (Photo By Carlos Avila Gonzalez/The San Francisco Chronicle via Getty Images)

    日本工人正在海外尋求更高的工資。

    Read more

  • 亞洲

    A strongman on the Silk Road

    BUKHARA, UZBEKISTAN - JANUARY 31: (----EDITORIAL USE ONLY â MANDATORY CREDIT - 'UZBEKISTAN SUPREME COURT / HANDOUT' - NO MARKETING NO ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS - DISTRIBUTED AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS----) Defendants are seen during the trial of 22 defendants who were involved in the events that took place last year in the autonomous region of Karakalpakstan at the Bukhara Provincial Court in Bukhara, Uzbekistan on January 31, 2023. While 4 of the 22 defendants were placed under house arrest, the other defendants were sentenced to prison sentences ranging from 3 to 16 years. In the hearing, which started on November 28, 2022 and continued for more than 2 months, the defendants were tried for crimes such as attacking the constitutional regime, raiding, preparing, hiding and distributing materials that threaten public safety and order, possession of weapons and ammunition, and damage to public and private property. (Photo by Uzbekistan Supreme Court / Handout/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)

    烏茲別克斯坦總統可能正準備延長其統治,並對持不同政見者進行鎮壓。

    Read more

  • 亞洲

    Banyan

    民主在亞洲正在復蘇,作為一名腐敗的亞洲強人已經今非昔比。

    Read more

  • 中國

    China

  • 中國

    Sino-American rivalry

    緊張局勢將因美國擊落的中國氣球而持續下去,而其程度上將主要取決於美國官員從碎片中瞭解到的情況以及他們決定披露的內容。

    Read more

  • 中國

    Gunning for the HK47

    (FILES) In this file photo taken on September 19, 2021 a protester stands behind a mock jail with photos of the 47 pro-democracy figures already in prison as Hong Kong's political elite began selecting a powerful committee which will choose the city's next leader and nearly half the city's legislature under a new

    香港開始其最大的國家安全審判,47 名被告的罪行是試圖贏得選舉多數。

    Read more

  • 中國

    Seeing red on the silver screen

    張藝謀回顧古詩詞的熱門電影激發了中國的民族主義熱潮,《滿江紅》借鑒了歷史,但其表現出明確的現代意義。

    Read more

  • 中國

    Chaguan

    中國間諜氣球的教訓:中美之間的不信任正在演變成一場新的冷戰。

    Read more

  • 中東非洲

    Middle East & Africa

  • 中東非洲

    Reinventing the Gulf

    經過幾十年的空談,波灣國家的改革是貨真價實的,但帶有風險:推動更多樣化和更具競爭力的政策可能會有疏遠其百姓的風險。

    Read more

  • 中東非洲

    Trade mission

    A picture taken on October 1, 2019, shows workers operating sewing machines in a garment factory at the Hawassa Industrial Park in Hawassa, southern Ethiopia. - Long hours (eight-hour shifts, six days a week), low pay ($35 a month) and managers so strict they would go into bathrooms and yank out workers suspected of exceeding their allotted break time highlight a major threat to Ethiopia's vision of constructing a national network of industrial parks to attract foreign investment, foster a robust manufacturing sector and provide badly needed jobs for its young workforce.While the parks have created tens of thousands of jobs, reports of grim conditions have drawn criticism at home and abroad, and thousands of employees have walked out. (Photo by Eyerusalem JIREGNA / AFP) (Photo by EYERUSALEM JIREGNA/AFP via Getty Images)

    盤點美國的非洲旗艦貿易計畫:AGOA 創造了就業機會,但沒有達到預期效果。

    Read more

  • 歐洲

    Europe

  • 歐洲

    A crushing blow

    土耳其和敘利亞的地震震撼了這兩個國家,而他們的政府正在努力應對數以千計的百姓死亡。

    Read more

  • 歐洲

    Ploughshares into swords

    Russian honour guard soldiers march in front of the Motherland Calls statue at the Mamayev Kurgan World War Two Memorial complex in Russia's southern city of Volgograd on January 24, 2023, ahead the 80th anniversary of the Stalingrad Battle. (Photo by Kirill KUDRYAVTSEV / AFP) (Photo by KIRILL KUDRYAVTSEV/AFP via Getty Images)

    俄羅斯的技術官僚們為普京的戰爭維持資金流動。

    Read more

  • 歐洲

    The enemy within

    A Ukrainian serviceman pauses after coming back from the frontline near Kherson, southern Ukraine, Wednesday, Nov. 23, 2022. (AP Photo/Bernat Armangue)

    數以千計的烏克蘭士兵正在遭受創傷後應激障礙的折磨,治療已經取得進展,但還遠遠不夠。

    Read more

  • 歐洲

    Jobs and protest

    A protester rides bicycle with a poster reading

    法國為何爭論工作以及偷懶的權利?馬克宏的養老金改革的意義遠遠超過養老金。

    Read more

  • 歐洲

    Charlemagne

    歐洲不應該以自己的失誤來回應美國的補貼狂歡,歐洲必須保護單一市場,而不是破壞它。

    Read more

  • 英國

    Britain

  • 英國

    Definition of insanity

    英國政府正計畫對尋求庇護者進行再次鎮壓,但有更好的方法來阻止小船穿越英吉利海峽。

    Read more

  • 英國

    Plane speaking

    LONDON, ENGLAND - FEBRUARY 08: Speaker of the House of Commons, Sir Lindsay Hoyle (L), holds up the helmet of one of the most successful Ukrainian pilots, inscribed with the words

    沃洛德米爾-澤倫斯基訪問英國,烏克蘭總統表示感謝並請求更多支持。

    Read more

  • 英國

    Test of metal

    Coilbox coiling rolled steel on the Hot Strip Mill at Tata Port Talbot steelworks WalesCoilbox coiling rolled steel on the Hot Strip Mill at Tata Port Talbot steelworks Wales

    英國的煉鋼業必須變得更加綠色。但誰來支付成本?生產商希望獲得補貼和更便宜的電力。

    Read more

  • 英國

    Track records

    能夠幫助英國醫院提升工作的技術:資訊技術是如何緩解肯特郡急診部門的緊張狀況?

    Read more

  • 英國

    Trance advance

    Mandatory Credit: Photo by Kim Ludbrook/EPA/Shutterstock (8874314f)A shaman waits for the sun to rise on the summer solstice during the annual festival at Stonehenge, Salisbury, Britain, 21 June 2017. The annual festival attracts hundreds of people to the 5000 year old stone circle to mark the longest day in the northern hemisphere. sunrise was at 4.52am and was celebrated by dancing, music, and ritualistic events around the stones.Stonehenge summer solstice festival in Britain, Salisbury, United Kingdom - 21 Jun 2017

    薩滿教是英國增長最快的宗教,氣候焦慮有助於解釋其不斷上升的人氣。

    Read more

  • 英國

    Pump unprimed

    Technicians from Solaris Energy carry out the first annual service and clean on a Vaillant Arotherm plus 7kw air source heat pump that was installed into a 1930s built house on the 16th of September 2022 in Folkestone, United Kingdom. With gas prices increasing and the increasing need to reduce fossil fuel air source heat pumps are starting to replace gas boiler use in properties in the UK. (photo by Andrew Aitchison / In pictures via Getty Images)

    英國的熱泵挑戰:零淨值拼圖中缺少一大塊。

    Read more

  • 英國

    Bagehot

    保守黨的病態症狀:已故的英國前國會議員艾倫.克拉克的最後一組日記為我們提供了關於該黨病態的指南。

    Read more

  • 國際

    International

  • 國際

    Move fast and fix things

    科技資金的浪潮是如何改變慈善事業的?這批新貴慈善家年輕、但急躁且行事匆忙。

    Read more

  • 商業

    Business

  • 商業

    Seeking change

    谷歌在搜索領域 20 年的主導地位是否處於危險之中?類似於 ChatGPT 的工具可能會擾亂一個有利可圖的行業。

    Read more

  • 商業

    Three is a cloud

    2MAPACN Franca, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 19th Jan, 2023. The facade of an Americanas store closed after business hours in Franca. The company's bankruptcy filing was accepted after declaring debts of R$ 43 billion (BRL) from a total of around 16,300 creditors. (Credit Image: © Igor Do Vale/ZUMA Press Wire) EDITORIAL USAGE ONLY! Not for Commercial USAGE! Credit: ZUMA Press, Inc./Alamy Live News

    巴西一家零售商被指控欺詐引發企業清算,醜聞使三位低調的億萬富翁成為關注焦點。

    Read more

  • 商業

    Bartleby

    過於熱愛工作的隱患。

    Read more

  • 商業

    The energy majors’ new map

    大型石油公司究竟把 1500 億美元的利潤花在了哪裡?英國石油公司、雪佛龍公司、埃克森美孚公司、殼牌公司和道達爾能源公司正越來越將他們目光投向其後院。

    Read more

  • 商業

    Schumpeter

    熊彼特會如何看待蘋果?iPhone 製造商展示了創造性破壞的許多面向。

    Read more

  • 財經

    Finance & economics

  • 財經

    What pandemic?

    中國經濟的超高速復蘇:該國的重新開放將促進全球經濟增長,也許會讓人不舒服。

    Read more

  • 財經

    Home truths

    韓國的住房緊縮為其他國家提供了一個警告:詭異的租賃系統無濟於事。

    Read more

  • 財經

    Buttonwood

    暴漲的股票破壞了一個神聖的投資規則:有時與美聯儲對抗是個好主意。

    Read more

  • 財經

    New lease of life

    photograph 21

    城市中心從辦公室轉而成為家庭住宅:從曼哈頓下城的改造中得到的教訓。

    Read more

  • 財經

    Quantitative frightening

    美聯儲的 2.5 兆美元問題:貨幣政策的未來取決於此。

    Read more

  • 財經

    Free exchange

    谷歌、微軟和來自強大反托辣斯官員的威脅:從 DNA 定序到視頻遊戲,幾乎沒有什麼能逃過監管者的眼睛。

    Read more

  • 科技

    Science & technology

  • 科技

    Bad weather

    如何預測破紀錄的天氣事件?氣象學家正試圖計算這些事件將變得多麼頻繁。

    Read more

  • 科技

    Military communications

    DARPA、雷射器和軌道上的網際網路:美國希望在太空建立一個新的情報網絡。

    Read more

  • 文化

    Culture

  • 文化

    Man of the people

    由一位福音派電影製作人創作並在忠實粉絲的幫助下製作、內容關於耶穌基督的電視串流影集《天選之人》已成為出人意料的熱門節目。

    Read more

  • 文化

    It took a continent

    An electrified barbed-wire fence separates male and female prisoners at a German concentration camp. A Nazi guard keeps watch in the foreground. The inmates appear to be in relatively good health at this point in their internment, indicating they may have arrived recently at the camp. | Location: Eastern Europe or Germany. (Photo by © Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images)

    一本新的歷史書籍聚焦於納粹大屠殺中的協力者。作者丹.斯通表示,在不同國家中都有人自願成為納粹恐怖的參與者。

    Read more

  • 文化

    Historical fantasy fiction

    薩爾曼.魯西迪的新小說是對講故事和自由的頌歌:《勝利之城》講述了一個擁有神奇力量的印度公主詩人的故事。

    Read more

  • 文化

    World in a dish

    The Lemon Tree pub's Thai food, London, Februrary 2023.

    泰國餐館老闆和英國酒吧被證明是一對完美的組合:廚師們得到了絡繹不絕的饑餓食客,而酒客們則得到了與啤酒搭配的美味食物。

    Read more

  • 文化

    Great minds do not think alike

    Anaximander (610- 546 BC). Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who lived in Miletus. He belonged to the Milesian school and learned the teachings of his master Thales. Anaximandder with a sundial. Roman mosaic. 3rd century. Landesmuseum. Trier. Germany. (Photo by: PHAS/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)

    古希臘哲學家阿那克西曼德是科學思維發展中的一位英雄人物:傳記作者卡洛.羅維利認為,這位多才多藝的人展示了挑戰認知智慧的效用。

    Read more

  • 文化

    Back Story

    Woman in Blue Reading a Letter, Johannes Vermeer, 1662-64, oil on canvas. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. On loan from the City of Amsterdam (A. van der Hoop Bequest)

    17 世紀的荷蘭黃金時代畫家約翰尼斯·維梅爾的天才得到了前所未有的展示:一場向這位荷蘭畫家致敬、令人目眩神迷的展覽正在荷蘭國家博物館進行。

    Read more

  • 圖說

    Graphic detail

  • 圖說

    Stuck in the middle

    土耳其位於構造板塊和文明的交匯處。最近的地震是近代以來東安納托利亞斷層上的第一次七級震度事件。

    Read more

  • 釋義

    The Economist explains

  • 釋義

    The Economist explains

    什麼是賣空?

    Read more

  • 釋義

    The Economist explains

    Ukrainian servicemen launch a drone not far from the Ukrainian town of Bakhmut, Donetsk region on January 25, 2023, amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine. (Photo by Anatolii Stepanov / AFP) (Photo by ANATOLII STEPANOV/AFP via Getty Images)

    無人機如何在烏克蘭上空纏鬥?越來越多的無人機攻擊事件顯示了空戰可能的發展方式。

    Read more

  • 訃告

    Obituary

  • 訃告

    Whisky and moderation

    佩爾韋茲.穆沙拉夫是巴基斯坦較為出色的獨裁者之一,這位巴基斯坦前軍事領導人于 2 月 5 日去世,享年 79 歲。

    Read more

留學考試 英語教甄 高階進修

打造英語超級閱讀力

字彙方法學 + 經濟學人

字彙方法學教您不必死背就能大幅增加字彙量 降低閱讀障礙

《經濟學人》帶您走遍全世界看盡大小事 提升思辨能力充實素養

兩大利器強強聯手 從此英語閱讀如探囊取物 考試進修無往不利

Related Posts

Leave Comments