By 謝忠理 on Saturday, 08 April 2023
Category: 經濟學人

擁抱電塔—《經濟學人》懶人包 No. 9341 (2023/04/08)

如果要穩定全球氣候,停止發電廠產生化石燃料的排放至關重要。同樣重要的是,要大幅提高可用的電力。增加發電容量將有助於用電力驅動汽車、加熱房屋,而不是燃燒骯髒的燃料。

擴大最貧窮國家人民的用電機會,可降低生質燃料燃燒所產生的排放,大大改善生活水準。如果要避免熱浪變得更加致命,發展中國家的電網就必須可靠地供應能源需求龐大的城市,以支援更廣泛的空調使用。

問題在於,改變世界電力網所需的規模被極度低估。投資太少,規劃規則成為了障礙。更深刻而有害的諷刺是,一些最知名的減緩氣候變遷的倡導者不接受要達到目的必須建造更多電力設施的邏輯。

對此問題,《經濟學人》本期的技術季刊站在科學角度提出環境論述,以建立讀者正確的能源發展觀點。

【經典美語】獨家課程

《經濟學人》即時精修班

全台灣獨一無二的英語進修課程

每周三,即時精修班利用《經濟學人》綜合五大洋七大洲,橫跨政治、經濟、社會、文化各面向的精彩報導與分析,引領讀者進入英語閱讀與寫作的高級殿堂。統合字彙、文法、句型、結構、邏輯、背景知識,提供學者全方位的英語學習體驗。

課程說明請點選下列按鈕,並歡迎預約試聽 (實體、雲端)。

  • 一周大事

    The world this week

  • 政治

    Politics

    Former President Donald Trump sits at the defense table with his defense team in a Manhattan court, Tuesday, April 4, 2023, in New York. Trump is set to appear in a New York City courtroom on charges related to falsifying business records in a hush money investigation, the first president ever to be charged with a crime. (AP Photo/Seth Wenig)

    一周政治大事回顧。

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  • 商業

    Business

    A customer uses a gas pump at a filling station in Falls Church, Virginia, U.S., October 20, 2022. REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque

    一周經濟大事摘要。

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  • 社論

    Leaders

  • 社論

    Hug pylons, not trees

    構建環保主義論述:經濟成長應有助於而不是阻礙應對氣候變化的努力。

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  • 社論

    Trans treatments

    在跨性別治療中,太多醫生放棄了他們的專業判斷,導致美國在性別醫學方面有錯誤層出不窮。

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  • 社論

    Rules of the code

    什麼是負責任的網路大國?英國的網路戰原則是一個好的開始。

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  • 社論

    An American first

    美國的朋友們應該如何看待《川普司法大秀》?

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  • 社論

    A frail financial firefighter

    如何修復國際貨幣基金組織?基金必須對阻撓的債權人採取強硬措施,但要為他們保留一個席位。

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  • 社論

    Higher expectations

    念大學像抽樂透:學生們正在遠離效益有疑義的學位與學校,政府應該幫助他們找到正確的方向。

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  • 投書

    Letters

  • 投書

    Letters

    關於預期壽命、查戈斯群島、美聯儲、洗車行、經合組織、雞蛋價格等寫給編輯的信件精選。

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  • 邀稿

    By Invitation

  • 邀稿

    American inflation

    美國央行前副主席理查.克拉里達考慮經濟政策的競爭目標,他說,美聯儲可能無法將通脹率降至 2%。

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  • 簡報

    Briefing

  • 簡報

    Trans substantiation

    支持青少年性別轉換醫學化的證據薄弱令人擔憂地。對最常見的治療方法的效果和副作用尚不明確。

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  • 美國

    United States

  • 美國

    The irresistible nation

    美國有機會成為一個清潔能源超級大國:讓美國歷史上最雄心勃勃的能源和氣候法律通過國會並不容易,現在困難的部分來了。

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  • 美國

    Legally bland

    2M5RW1E Close-up of law school text on brown wall at Stanford University

    在美國的法學院裡,對言論自由的爭論又開始了。史丹福大學一次失敗的活動重新引發了爭議。

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  • 美國

    Bringing down the house

    Chicago Mayor-elect Brandon Johnson speaks to supporters after defeating Paul Vallas in the mayoral runoff election, late Tuesday, April 4, 2023, in Chicago. (AP Photo/Paul Beaty)

    芝加哥和威斯康辛州的令人訝異的選舉所帶來新訊息:布蘭登-詹森和珍妮特-普羅塔謝維奇的勝出顯示了強硬的犯罪政治的局限性。

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  • 美國

    Holidays in the unPacific

    This August 17, 2016 US Air Force handout photo shows L-R a B-52 Stratofortress, a B-2 Spirit and a B-1 Lancer flying over Guam after launching from Andersen Air Force Base, Guam, for an integrated bomber operation. - This mission marks the first time in history that all three of Air Force Global Strike Command's strategic bomber aircraft are simultaneously conducting integrated operations in the U.S. Pacific Command area of operations. (Photo by Joshua SMOOT / US AIR FORCE / AFP) / RESTRICTED TO EDITORIAL USE - MANDATORY CREDIT

    關島,美國的下一場戰爭可能開始的地方。這個旅遊島和重要的軍事前哨出乎意料地脆弱。

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  • 美國

    Lexington

    為什麼民主黨人一直在幫助川普?在曼哈頓法庭上的指控使他重溫他最喜歡的角色,從而促進了他的政治前景。

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  • 美洲

    The Americas

  • 美洲

    Prophets of the ballot box

    瘋狂的政策和氣候變化正在傷害拉丁美洲的農業。農場將適應或遷移,農場工人也將如此。

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  • 美洲

    When the tortillas run out

    SAN JERONIMO DEL SUD, ARGENTINA - MARCH 12: Corn fields of farmer José Braidotti, 35, remain dry as a consequence of the heat and severe droughts that affect half of the country on March 12, 2023 in San Jerónimo Sud, Argentina. Argentina and the International Monetary Fund reached staff-level agreement to review the targets of reserves for 2023 due to the catastrophic droughts that affect the country. Agriculture export revenues generate a major part of the much-needed reserves of dollars as part of a 44 billion dollars repayment plan with IMF. According to experts, this drought, linked to a third straight La Niña climate pattern, is the worst in sixty years and affects 55% of the country. Argentina is the world's top exporter of soy oil and meal, the third for corn and a major supplier of beef and wheat. (Photo by Sebastian Lopez Brach/Getty Images)

    福音派在拉丁美洲可能很快與天主教徒相抗衡。該地區有五分之一的人是福音派。許多人現在相信「繁榮福音」。

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  • 亞洲

    Asia

  • 亞洲

    Wet bulb hot

    印度的致命熱浪正在變得更加炎熱,氣候變化的後果對印度-岡底斯平原來說顯得令人驚懼。

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  • 亞洲

    Hit for six

    Cricket - First One Day International - India v Australia - Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai, India - March 17, 2023India's Hardik Pandya in action REUTERS/Francis Mascarenhas

    印度超級聯賽正在接管全球的板球運動,印度有利可圖的國內賽事正在扼殺國際比賽。

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  • 亞洲

    The sonic outernationalist

    Ryuichi Sakamoto photographed on 7 September 1994.Ryuichi Sakamoto was a Japanese composer, record producer, and actor who pursued a diverse range of styles as a solo artist and as a member of Yellow Magic Orchestra. © ROSE Christian / Dalle / eyevineFor further information please contact eyevinetel: +44 (0) 20 8709 8709e-mail: info@eyevine.comwww.eyevine.com

    坂本龍一聽到了世界的聲音—並改變了它。這位傳奇的日本作曲家于 3 月 28 日去世,享年 71 歲。

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  • 亞洲

    Banyan

    中國在亞洲的巨額投資未能為其購買軟實力,這些投資仍然引起懷疑和怨恨。

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  • 亞洲

    In the dragon’s mouth

    A scooter drives past a fruit stall in the old street of the city on Kinmen, Taiwan, October 17, 2021. Sitting on the front line between Taiwan and China, Kinmen is the last place where the two engaged in major fighting, in 1958 at the height of the Cold War, and where memories of war are burned into minds decades later. REUTERS/Ann Wang SEARCH

    來自臺灣和中國大陸之間前線的觀點:在蔡英文訪問美國之際,我們訪問了距離大陸 3 公里的金門島。

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  • 中國

    China

  • 中國

    Europe and China

    習近平會不會比埃馬紐埃爾-馬克宏更聰明?烏克蘭戰爭是北京議程的重中之重。

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  • 中國

    China and Taiwan

    NANJING, CHINA - MARCH 28: Former Taiwan leader Ma Ying-jeou visits Dr Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum on March 28, 2023 in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province of China. (Photo by Lu Mei/China News Service/VCG via Getty Images)

    中華民族這個術語困擾著臺灣和中國的關係,臺灣前總統馬英九使用這個詞彙,因而在島內引起某些人的不滿。

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  • 中國

    The West and China

    China: Enthusiastic 'Red Guards' wave copies of Mao Zedong's 'Little Red Book' (Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung, Mao Zhuxi Yulu), Tiananmen, Beijing, c. 1966. (Photo by: Pictures from History/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)

    西方學者在中國做研究越來越難了,對重要材料資料庫的查訪正在減少。

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  • 中國

    Chaguan

    為什麼習近平不是另一個毛主席?習近平是一名強人,他想利用而不是摧毀中國的深層政府。

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  • 中東非洲

    Middle East & Africa

  • 中東非洲

    Africa’s slowing baby boom

    世界人口峰值可能比預期的要小,新證據顯示非洲的出生率正在快速下降。

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  • 中東非洲

    African demography

    Vehicles and pedestrians are seen crowded together July 10, 2019 at the busy Muthurwa market,Nairobi. (Photo by SIMON MAINA / AFP) (Photo by SIMON MAINA/AFP via Getty Images)

    肯亞的人口是 1963 年獨立時的六倍,但是肯亞城市和城鎮的人口成長正在放緩。

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  • 中東非洲

    A real estate boom in the Gulf

    Cars drive along a street in front of high-rise buildings in Dubai, on February 18, 2023. - Home to towering skyscrapers and ultra-luxury villas, Dubai saw record real estate transactions in 2022, largely due to an influx of wealthy investors, especially from Russia. (Photo by Karim SAHIB / AFP) (Photo by KARIM SAHIB/AFP via Getty Images)

    在俄羅斯人的幫助下,杜拜的房地產市場再次紅火起來。高昂的能源價格和俄羅斯人的湧入意味著租金和價格正在飆升。

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  • 中東非洲

    Dam-nation

    Syrians ride a motorcycle in a flooded area after the collapse of a dam on the Orontes (Assi) river near al-Tulul village in Salqin, in Syria's rebel-held Idlib province, near the border with Turkey, on February 9, 2023 following a deadly earthquake. - A 7.8-magnitude earthquake hit Turkey and Syria on February 6, killing more than 16,000 people and injuring tens of thousands of people. Thousands of homes were destroyed on both sides of the border after the tremor and the subsequent aftershocks. (Photo by Abdulaziz KETAZ / AFP) (Photo by ABDULAZIZ KETAZ/AFP via Getty Images)

    2 月的地震破壞了中東的水壩,使其處於一種脆弱的狀態。

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  • 歐洲

    Europe

  • 歐洲

    The inner circle of Germany’s chancellor

    德國總理的內部圈子:Olaf Scholz 聽誰的?與安格拉.梅克爾不同,他喜歡簡短和一對一的會議。

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  • 歐洲

    Kingmakers and scapegoats

    Supporters of imprisoned Selahattin Demirtas, presidential candidate of the pro-Kurdish People's Democratic Party (HDP), hold HDP and Turkish flags with picture of Demirtas during an election campaign in Istanbul on June 17, 2018. - The Turkish president announced on April 18, 2018 that Turkey will hold snap parliamentary and presidential elections on June 24, 2018. The presidential and parliamentary elections were scheduled to be held in November 2019, but government has decided to change the date following the recommendation of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) leader Devlet Bahceli. (Photo by Yasin AKGUL / AFP) (Photo credit should read YASIN AKGUL/AFP via Getty Images)

    土耳其的庫爾德人正在加入推翻埃爾多安的聯盟,他們是受迫害的局外人,也是有影響力的權力掮客。

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  • 歐洲

    Press freedom

    (FILES) This file photo taken on July 24, 2021 shows journalist Evan Gershkovich. - US President Joe Biden on March 31, 2023, called for Russia to release Wall Street Journal reporter Evan Gershkovich, who is being held on espionage charges, while rebuffing a call from the paper's editorial board to expel Russian journalists from the United States. (Photo by Dimitar DILKOFF / AFP) (Photo by DIMITAR DILKOFF/AFP via Getty Images)

    美國記者埃文-格什科維奇因間諜罪被捕,但要求俄羅斯釋放他的呼聲被置若罔聞。

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  • 歐洲

    Reversion to form

    桑娜-馬林在芬蘭總統選舉中承認挫敗,現在中右翼和強硬右翼現在可能聯手了。

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  • 歐洲

    A battle yet to be won

    www.instagram.com/pasha_13828/Pasha Lagoyda

    烏克蘭的同性戀士兵與俄羅斯鬥爭,並爭取他們的權利。戰爭改變了一切,包括對同性戀者的態度。

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  • 歐洲

    Falling off the black mountain

    Milo Djukanovic, President of Montenegro and a candidate from the Democratic Party of Socialists, speaks at his party's headquarters, on the day of the presidential election run-off, in Podgorica, Montenegro, April 2, 2023. REUTERS/Stevo Vasiljevic

    蒙特尼哥羅的長期執政者被趕下台,在執政三十多年後,米洛.久卡諾維奇敗選而不得不離開。

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  • 英國

    Britain

  • 英國

    A good Good Friday

    由於貝爾法斯特協議,北愛爾蘭成為一個更好的地方。25 年過去了,其政治很少是導致人命死傷。但是,他們的功能障礙卻令人沮喪。

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  • 英國

    A tremor in the force

    James Babbage GCHQ

    英國表示,網路戰全在心中:專訪國家網路部隊指揮官。

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  • 英國

    The Iron Lady’s chancellor

    ©ALPHA M050000 12_06_87 NIGEL LAWSON. - OUT SIDE NUMBER TEN DOWNING STREET LONDON.

    奈傑爾.勞森是柴契爾主義的經濟大腦,這位稅收改革者、私有化者以及歐洲和氣候懷疑論者於 4 月 3 日去世,享年 91 歲。

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  • 英國

    Bagehot

    欠缺政黨忠誠性的搖擺選民又回來了。

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  • 國際

    International

  • 國際

    Useless studies

    你的學位真的值得嗎?

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  • 技術季刊

    Technology Quarterly

  • 技術季刊

    The ultimate supply chains

    電網即將被改造,但需要相當大的技術突破和監管要求。

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  • 技術季刊

    Hurry up and wait

    為電網增加容量不是一項簡單的任務,如果電力來自於再生資源,那就更難了。

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  • 技術季刊

    Direct delivery

    由再生能源供電的電網需要一種不同的管道,還有一個完全不同的開關。

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  • 技術季刊

    Defying Dunkelflaute

    太陽並不總是照耀著地球,因而新的電網更難平衡供應和需求。

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  • 技術季刊

    Back in black

    轉動物質的物理學不能再定義電網了,但從長遠來看,這些原理原則將使電網變得更好。

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  • 商業

    Business

  • 商業

    Asian business elites

    認識亞洲的千禧財閥:他們比起前輩更有世界觀和科技感。

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  • 商業

    Game changer

    An employee works in front of a wall art display for the Anno 1800 video game at the Ubisoft SA headquarters in Paris, France, on Wednesday, Jan. 18, 2023. The five Guillemot brothers have forged a common vision for Ubisoft which they founded in the 1980s in a sleepy northwestern French town, catapulting it into one of the largest stand-alone studios in the $200 billion global video games industry. Photographer: Nathan Laine/Bloomberg via Getty Images

    人工智慧如何顛覆視頻遊戲?遊戲製作特別費力,因而自動化的時機目前特別成熟。

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  • 商業

    Watching the wheels

    A Canadian Pacific freight train rolls through one of seven railroad crossings on Wednesday, Sept. 28, 2022, in Camanche, Iowa. A merger of Kansas City Southern and Canadian Pacific railways will increase train traffic and length of trains traveling through the town, potential blocking rail crossing for extended periods of time. (Tammy Ljungblad/Kansas City Star/Tribune News Service via Getty Images)

    美國鐵路和卡車司機正處在一個十字路口,他們的命運是否會出現分歧?

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  • 商業

    Bartleby

    家族企業不可抗拒的誘惑:追隨父母腳步的利與弊。

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  • 商業

    Why, EY?

    MUNICH, GERMANY - MAY 09: An Ernst & Young sign is seen on May 09, 2021 in Munich, Germany. (Photo by Jeremy Moeller/Getty Images)

    安永被禁止在德國開展新的審計業務,此一處罰使得這家陷入困境的會計師事務所面臨的問題雪上加霜。

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  • 商業

    Toyota after Toyoda

    CHIBA, JAPAN - JANUARY 13: (R-L) Akio Toyoda, president of Toyota Motor Corp., and Koji Sato, GAZOO Racing Company President/Lexus International Co. President attend the Tokyo Auto Salon at Makuhari Messe on January 13, 2023 in Chiba, Japan. (Photo by Jun Sato/WireImage)

    豐田迎來新的掌舵人,而這家日本汽車巨頭有一些工作需要迎頭趕上。

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  • 商業

    Schumpeter

    世界上最熱門的MBA課程對 21 世紀商業的啟示:學生們尋求堅韌不拔的精神、自我意識和策略。

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  • 財經

    Finance & economics

  • 財經

    Trouble on 19th Street

    國際貨幣基金組織面臨著一場噩夢般的身份危機:該基金夾在美國和中國之間,其目的並不明確。

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  • 財經

    Post-zero-covid

    TOPSHOT - View of the financial district of Lujiazui during sunrise in Shanghai on September 7, 2022. (Photo by HECTOR RETAMAL / AFP) (Photo by HECTOR RETAMAL/AFP via Getty Images)

    中國官員承諾為外國投資者提供更多機會,這項承諾可信度很高。

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  • 財經

    An angry farewell

    Mandatory Credit: Photo by MICHAEL BUHOLZER/EPA-EFE/Shutterstock (13857282ab)A man wears a suit with the writing

    公司最後一次年度股東大會上的場景:瑞士人對瑞士信貸的消亡感到憤怒。

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  • 財經

    Buttonwood

    股市已經擺脫了銀行業的動盪,是嗎?為什麼目前的上漲是騙人的。

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  • 財經

    Pain to come

    Miami, Florida, Edgewater high rise buildings with Opera Tower and Aria on the Bay Parc Apartments. (Photo by: Jeffrey Greenberg/UCG/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)

    富裕世界的住房緊縮遠未結束:市場可以分為三個陣營:早期調整者、躲避子彈者和緩慢行動者。

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  • 財經

    Free exchange

    為什麼經濟學不理解商業?主因在教條主義的阻礙。

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  • 科技

    Science & technology

  • 科技

    科技

    Astrobiology

    擁有巨大海洋的冰冷衛星是外星生命的最新候選者:一項前往木星的新任務將檢查其中的三個衛星,探索生命的可能性。

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  • 科技

    Digital poisons

    2CYCJE0 A visitor looks at Ceci n'est pas une pomme (This is not an Apple) from 1964 by Rene Magritte at Christie's in London February 1, 2013. The artwork is expected to sell for £1M-£1.5M (US $1.6M-2.3M) when it is auctioned at Christie's The Art of the Surreal Evening Sale on February 6, 2013 REUTERS/Suzanne Plunkett (BRITAIN - Tags: ENTERTAINMENT)

    讓機器學習演算法出錯並不需要很多東西,大語言模式的興起可能使問題變得更糟。

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  • 科技

    Sickies called

    USA. New York City. Man making a phone call in the evening. 1976.

    一種演算法可以從某人的聲音變化中診斷出感冒,想偽裝生病請病假的人,注意了。

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  • 文化

    Culture

  • 文化

    After the Good Friday Agreement

    北愛爾蘭的藝術已經開花結果。但分歧依然存在。喧鬧的或發自內心的,對北愛爾蘭生活的描寫往往拘泥於某個族群或另一個族群。

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  • 文化

    Feminism in South Korea

    Female workers supporting the MeToo movement wearing black attend a rally to mark the International Women's Day in Seoul, South Korea, Thursday, March 8, 2018. (AP Photo/Ahn Young-joon)

    韓國反對厭女症和父權制的內部鬥爭:在《火之花》中,Hawon Jung 記錄了一場迫切但未完成的運動。

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  • 文化

    Nigerian fiction

    A Christian Adara boy prays along with his mother while attending the Sunday's service at Ecwa Church, Kajuru, Kaduna State, Nigeria, on April 14, 2019. - The ongoing strife between Muslim herders and Christian farmers, which claimed nearly 2,000 lives in 2018 and displaced hundreds of thousands of others, is a divisive issue for Nigeria and some other countries in West Africa. (Photo by Luis TATO / AFP) (Photo credit should read LUIS TATO/AFP via Getty Images)

    《安迪.阿非利加的五個悲哀之謎》中的機智與智慧:非洲文學中有豐富的成長故事,斯蒂芬.布羅的第一部小說是最好的作品之一。

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  • 文化

    Educational entertainment

    Still from Harmony Square https://harmonysquare.game/en

    遊戲是打擊虛假資訊戰爭中的一種武器,它們能有效地教導玩家如何在網上識別虛假資訊。

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  • 文化

    Back Story

    Portrait of Spanish artist Pablo Picasso (1881 - 1973) as he smokes a cigarette, seated in front of several of his paintings, Paris, France, circa 1950. (Photo by Sanford Roth/Photo Researchers History/Getty Images)

    畢卡索是個天才,也是個野獸。這兩者能分開嗎?克雷爾.戴德勒引發爭議性新書《怪獸》說,這根本是個錯誤的問題。

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  • 圖說

    Graphic detail

  • 圖說

    Garbage in, garbage out

    一項新的研究報告重新引發了對戴口罩成效的爭論。大多數論文都沒有定論,儘管最大的 covid 時代的研究顯示存在效果。

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  • 釋義

    The Economist explains

  • 釋義

    The Economist explains

    如何看待以色列的新國民警衛隊?這支部隊將是一支由政府資助的民兵,並由一名極端民族主義分子領導。

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  • 釋義

    The Economist explains

    Judge Juan Merchan presides during the Trump Organization's criminal tax trial in Manhattan Criminal Court, New York City, U.S., November 15, 2022 in this courtroom sketch. REUTERS/Jane Rosenberg

    監督唐納德.川普提審的法官胡安.梅爾坎是誰?

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  • 訃告

    Obituary

  • 訃告

    Phyllida Barlow

    菲利達.巴羅一生都在冒險中做藝術,這位英國雕塑家於 3 月 12 日去世,享年 78 歲,2017 年時代表英國參加威尼斯雙年展。

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