By 謝忠理 on Friday, 28 April 2023
Category: 經濟學人

倖存之國:以色列建國 75 周年—《經濟學人》懶人包 No. 9344 (2023/04/29)

在 1948 年宣佈獨立之前,以色列自己的將領們警告說,它只有一半的生存機會。今天,以色列非常富有,比它歷史上大部分時間都更安全,而且很民主—如果你排除它所佔領的領土的話。

在以色列慶祝建國 75 周年之際,值得花點時間欣賞一下它是如何在困難中取得勝利的。除了人類的勇氣之外,以色列幾乎沒有其他自然稟賦。但它卻克服了戰爭、乾旱和貧困,它是中東地區的一個異類,是創新的中心,是全球化的贏家。

在 20 世紀,入侵的風險威脅著以色列的生存。但在 21 世紀,危險存在於內部分裂使它失去了繁榮發展所需的力量和靈活性。

【經典美語】獨家課程

《經濟學人》即時精修班

全台灣獨一無二的英語進修課程

每周三,即時精修班利用《經濟學人》綜合五大洋七大洲,橫跨政治、經濟、社會、文化各面向的精彩報導與分析,引領讀者進入英語閱讀與寫作的高級殿堂。統合字彙、文法、句型、結構、邏輯、背景知識,提供學者全方位的英語學習體驗。

課程說明請點選下列按鈕,並歡迎預約試聽 (實體、雲端)。

  • 一周大事

    The world this week

  • 政治

    Politics

    BALTIMORE, MARYLAND - JANUARY 30: U.S. President Joe Biden arrives to speak at the Baltimore and Potomac (B&P) Tunnel North Portal on January 30, 2023 in Baltimore, Maryland. The tunnel is 150 years old and is the biggest chokepoint in the rail system between New York City and Washington, DC and frequently causes delays of Amtrak, Maryland commuter trains and freight rail traffic. Biden is discussing how funding from the recently passed Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act will aim to rebuild and replace the tunnel. (Photo by Drew Angerer/Getty Images)

    一周政治大事回顧。

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  • 商業

    Business

    NEW YORK, NEW YORK - APRIL 24: A person walks past a First Republic bank branch in Manhattan on April 24, 2023 in New York City. The U.S. bank will reveal its latest financial results but concerns over small and medium-sized banks persist following the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) in March. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images)

    一周經濟大事摘要。

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  • 社論

    Leaders

  • 社論

    Keir thinking

    基爾.斯塔默是否準備好迎接挑戰?英國工黨新黨魁已經讓他的政黨再次成為選民可託付的政黨,但他還有更多事情要做。

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  • 社論

    Survivor nation

    在以色列 75 歲之際,其最大的威脅現在來自於內部,這個國家需要一個新的政治解決方案,以削弱極端分子的力量。

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  • 社論

    The war in Ukraine

    西方應向烏克蘭提供 F-16 戰鬥機,不然俄羅斯戰鬥機可能贏得對烏克蘭天空的控制權。

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  • 社論

    Heavy lies the crown

    美元的力量和局限:綠幣仍然稱王,但那些想逃避它的人正在找到方法遂行其願。

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  • 社論

    Private’s progress

    私營市場仍然具有吸引力,即使在一個更高的利率世界裡:私人信貸,而不是收購,正在博取人們的注意力。

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  • 投書

    Letters

  • 投書

    Letters

    關於國際貨幣基金組織、文科學位、倫敦的住房、醒目的歷史、政治家、經合組織等寫給編輯的信件精選。

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  • 邀稿

    By Invitation

  • 邀稿

    Israel at 75

    學者兼作家阿維.施萊姆呼籲進行批判性反思,他認為,就像猶太復國主義本身一樣,這個國家已經成為一個定居者殖民運動。

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  • 邀稿

    Israel at 75

    以色列反對派領導人談為國家的未來而戰:亞伊爾.拉皮德說,有很多事情值得慶祝,也有很多事情值得擔心。

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  • 簡報

    Briefing

  • 簡報

    Military-industrial complexity

    俄羅斯的經濟可以承受長期戰爭,但不能承受更激烈的戰爭,它對西方制裁的防衛只能挺在目前的位置。

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  • 美國

    United States

  • 美國

    Take four

    拜登打響了總統競選的第一槍,美國的未來,以及西方的凝聚力,都在八旬老人的肩上。

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  • 美國

    Later, Tucker

    WASHINGTON, DC - MARCH 29: Fox News host Tucker Carlson discusses 'Populism and the Right' during the National Review Institute's Ideas Summit at the Mandarin Oriental Hotel March 29, 2019 in Washington, DC. Carlson talked about a large variety of topics including dropping testosterone levels, increasing rates of suicide, unemployment, drug addiction and social hierarchy at the summit, which had the theme 'The Case for the American Experiment.' (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images)

    福克斯新聞指出,甚至塔克.卡爾森也沒有比網路更大的影響力。其最受歡迎的主播與電台分道揚鑣。

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  • 美國

    Lookback in anger

    NEW YORK, NEW YORK - APRIL 25: Magazine columnist E. Jean Carroll arrives for the first day of her civil trial against former President Donald Trump at a Manhattan Federal Court on April 25, 2023 in New York City. Jury selections begin in the Carroll civil trial against the former president, whom she alleges attacked and sexually assaulted her in a dressing room of a luxury department store in the 1990s. The lawsuit comes after the passage of the Adult Survivors Act, a 2022 New York law that gave a one-year window beginning in November of that year for people to sue their alleged assailants even if the statute of limitations had expired, which had happened in Carroll’s case. The former president has stated that this never happened and has denied meeting her. (Photo by Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images)

    另一起針對前總統的案件正在進行中,紐約的一個陪審團將被問及川普是否是一名強姦犯。

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  • 美國

    Classroom politics

    OKLAHOMA CITY, OK - APRIL 04: Teachers, school workers, students, and supporters rallied for the third straight day of an education walkout at the Oklahoma Capitol building on April 4, 2018 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Teachers are demanding higher wages and school funding. (Photo by Scott Heins/Getty Images)

    為什麼共和黨人要給教師大幅加薪?儘管許多人擔心批判性種族理論和其灌輸給學生,但他們還是提高了教師薪資。

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  • 美國

    Lexington

    為什麼以色列正在成為美國黨派之爭的根源?這涉及到猶太國家和美國國家的本質。

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  • 美洲

    The Americas

  • 美洲

    A sticky dictatorship

    主要反對派政治家胡安.瓜伊多剛剛逃離委內瑞拉,獨裁者尼古拉斯.馬杜羅正居上風。

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  • 亞洲

    Asia

  • 亞洲

    Asian geopolitics

    韓國在美、中之間處境尷尬。

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  • 亞洲

    Sikh splittism

    'Waris Punjab De' chief Amritpal Singh (C) speaks to the media, at the Golden Temple in Amritsar on March 3, 2023. (Photo by Narinder NANU / AFP) (Photo by NARINDER NANU/AFP via Getty Images)

    自稱是錫克教分離主義領導人的阿姆裡帕爾.辛格在印度被捕,爭取建立哈里斯坦的錫克家園運動是否已重新點燃?

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  • 亞洲

    My ball, my rules

    Southeast Asian Games - Women's Sepak Takraw - Vietnam v Thailand - Hoang Mai Sports Center, Hanoi, Vietnam - May 14, 2022Vietnam's Tran Thi Hong Nhung in action REUTERS/Navesh Chitrakar

    柬埔寨即將舉辦或許是世界上最大的體育賽事:東南亞運動會將包括障礙賽跑和噴射滑雪。

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  • 亞洲

    Protection by projection

    In this photo undated photo provided by the Australian Defense Force, Royal Australian Navy Ships Canberra, Supply and Warramunga sail in formation with 37 ships during Exercise Rim of the Pacific 2022. The Australian government on Monday, April 24, 2023, released a review of the nation's defense strategy that recommends a major overhaul of the armed forces including a focus on developing an ability to strike targets at a longer range as China's military build-up challenges the region's security. (Petty Officer 2nd Class Wesley Richardson/Australian Defense Force via AP)

    由於畏懼中國,澳大利亞重新思考其國防戰略:它希望通過向亞洲深處投射力量來阻止中國的威脅。

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  • 亞洲

    Banyan

    在中國問題上,日本首相岸田文雄希望採取外交手段,而非戰爭。他敦促要從事明智的「交手」。

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  • 中國

    China

  • 中國

    Xivilisation

    中國試圖召集世界反對西方價值觀的最新行動:習近平指責美國造成所有的文明衝突。

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  • 中國

    Love elderly

    FUYANG, ANHUI, CHINA - 2021/05/12: Old people use public fitness equipment to exercise at Lin Dai Lu Park.The main data of the seventh national census of China was officially released. The data show that the total population of working age is still falling since 2020, while the degree of aging continues to deepen. (Photo by Sheldon Cooper/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images)

    老年人在中國試圖尋找愛情的新奇方式:加入了由 50 萬人觀看的相親直播節目。

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  • 中國

    First contact

    習近平終於給澤倫斯基打電話了:中國領導人承諾推動烏克蘭的和平進程。

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  • 中國

    Chaguan

    中國的統治者打出法治牌,但卻輸了農村百姓的信賴。

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  • 中東非洲

    Middle East & Africa

  • 中東非洲

    A contentious birthday

    以色列苦惱的 75 周年紀念日:激烈的內部分歧將決定國家新的一頁。

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  • 中東非洲

    How Zionism has changed

    Photograph of Theodor Herzl (1860-1904) Austro-Hungarian journalist, playwright, political activist and writer. Dated 1900. (Photo by Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)

    已經被各方的政治家共同利用的猶太復國主義如何從一個項目演變為一種意識形態?

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  • 中東非洲

    Burkina on the brink

    FILE — Burkina Faso coup leader Capt. Ibrahim Traore participates in a ceremony in Ouagadougou, Oct. 15, 2022. Just weeks after Burkina Faso's junta ousted hundreds of French troops, there are signs that the West African country could be moving even closer to Russia, including the mercenary outfit, the Wagner Group. (AP Photo/Kilaye Bationo, file)

    布吉納法索處於邊緣狀態:猖獗的聖戰分子正在薩赫勒地區散播混亂和苦難,軍隊的「全面戰爭」可能失控。

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  • 中東非洲

    Ghost town

    British nationals sit inside an RAF aircraft, after being evacuated in Khartoum, Sudan April 25, 2023. LPhot Mark Johnson/UK MOD/Pool via REUTERS

    喀土木之戰只是蘇丹惡夢的開始,一些人警告說,分歧的加深可能導致部落戰爭的發生。

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  • 歐洲

    Europe

  • 歐洲

    War in the skies

    烏克蘭需要新的噴射戰鬥機來贏得戰爭。

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  • 歐洲

    After-hours war

    LVIV, UKRAINE- APRIL 12 : Members of the TARGET Civil Formation request ID documents and interrogates civilians as they broke the night curfew ban in Lviv, Ukraine on April 12, 2023. The TARGET civil formation was initiated during the first days of the Russian war on Ukraine, with the objective of passing military knowledge to civilians. Since them, some of the members have joined the Ukrainian Armed Forces and they conduct training and night curfew patrols in Lviv. During the Orthodox Easter week, Lviv has decided to keep the night curfew between midnight and 5 am. (Photo by Omar Marques/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)

    烏克蘭人已經習慣了在宵禁中生活,有時人民會違反宵禁,但員警往往會給予諒解。

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  • 歐洲

    Late sun

    Luftbild, parc fotovoltaic, Finca in einer Solaranlage, Selbstversorger, Inca, Inca, Mallorca, Baleares, Spanien ACHTUNGxMINDESTHONORARx60xEURO *** Aerial view, parc fotovoltaic, finca in a solar plant, self-catering, Inca, Inca, Mallorca, Baleares, Spain ATTENTIONxMINDESTHONORARx60xEURO

    西班牙可再生能源的發展正從午睡中甦醒過來。

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  • 歐洲

    No sharp tacks

    Billboards carrying pictures of Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan and a slogan that reads

    後厄爾多安時代的土耳其只會小部分地改變其外交政策,在俄羅斯、敘利亞和庫德族問題上,該國的利益將基本保持不變。

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  • 歐洲

    Pulling them in

    Vietnamese men work on a construction site in Bucharest, September 26, 2019. - Faced with a growing labour shortage, which threatens their economies, Romania and Hungary alike are courting Asian workers, belying Hungarian nationalist Prime Minister Viktor Orban's anti-immigration rhetoric. (Photo by Adrian Catu / AFP) (Photo by ADRIAN CATU/AFP via Getty Images)

    羅馬尼亞火熱的經濟正吸引著外國工人,該國從人民移出轉變為外國人移入的移民國家。

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  • 歐洲

    Charlemagne

    關於農業的爭吵預示著烏克蘭未來的歐洲前景不容樂觀,歐盟對其鄰國的支持是否已經達到了極限?

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  • 英國

    Britain

  • 英國

    Opposition research

    專訪英國工黨領袖:基爾.斯塔默爵士談「斯塔默主義」。

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  • 英國

    Green loots

    A maintenance team works on a turbine at the Beatrice offshore wind farm near Wick, Scotland on Nov. 27, 2022. Oil and gas workers, losing their jobs as fossil fuel investment wanes, find work in the wind energy business. (Francesca Jones/The New York Times)Credit: New York Times / Redux / eyevineFor further information please contact eyevinetel: +44 (0) 20 8709 8709e-mail: info@eyevine.comwww.eyevine.com *** Local Caption *** 15770497

    工黨的綠色工業政策不會治癒英國的經濟弊病,試圖應對氣候變化和提高成長有可能兩方面都做不好。

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  • 英國

    A Laborious read

    LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND - SEPTEMBER 27: Labour Party cabinet members listen as party leader Keir Starmer holds his key note speech on the third day of the annual Labour Party conference on September 27, 2022 in Liverpool, England The Labour Party hold their annual conference in Liverpool this year. Issues on the agenda are the cost of living crisis, including a call for a reinforced windfall tax, proportional representation and action on the climate crisis. (Photo by Ian Forsyth/Getty Images)

    要瞭解工黨的影子內閣,請閱讀其著作,但不要期待任何驚悚內容。

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  • 英國

    Inhabited by spirits

    2EY87P6 Springbank Distillery whisky casks, Campbeltown, Scotland, UK

    坎貝爾敦如何應對蘇格蘭威士忌的蓬勃發展?

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  • 英國

    An organisation in crisis

    BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND - NOVEMBER 21: Delegates attend the CBI Annual Conference at The Vox Conference Centre on November 21, 2022 in Birmingham, England. The annual conference, organised by the Confederation of British Industry, brings together business and political leaders. (Photo by Christopher Furlong/Getty Images)

    英國工業聯合會的醜聞可能已經結束了:CBI 受到了被遊說者和業主雙方的唾棄。

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  • 英國

    Girl power

    circa 1922: Camden Town Girl Guides saluting the Union Jack as it is raised at their camp site. (Photo by Topical Press Agency/Getty Images)

    英國最古老的青年團體之一如何努力維持舉足輕重的角色?女童軍再次重塑自己的形象。

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  • 英國

    Bagehot

    工黨會不會向左轉?該黨的社會主義殘餘勢力不會將其向左靠攏,但周遭環境卻有此可能。

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  • 國際

    International

  • 國際

    Criminal underworlds

    戰爭是如何分裂黑手黨的?它不僅改變了俄羅斯和烏克蘭的犯罪,而且改變了全世界的犯罪。

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  • 商業

    Business

  • 商業

    A new breed of unicorn

    如何在習近平的中國大展身手?《經濟學人》對中國境內最有價值的初創企業進行了數據分析。

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  • 商業

    Fragged

    FILE - Visitors passing an advertisement for the video game 'Call of Duty' at the Gamescom fair for computer games in Cologne, Germany, Tuesday, Aug. 22, 2017. British regulators have blocked Microsoft's $69 billion deal to buy videogame maker Activision Blizzard over worries that it would stifle competition in the cloud gaming market. (AP Photo/Martin Meissner, File)

    英國否決了微軟 69 億美元的動視交易,這一裁決將在全世界引起反響。

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  • 商業

    A continuing conundrum

    13 April 2023, China, Tianjin: Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock (Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) visits Flender GmbH and is greeted by workers with German and Chinese paper flags. The company has been manufacturing gearboxes for a wide range of industrial applications since 1899 and employs around 8000 people worldwide. In Tianjin, gearboxes and drive components for wind turbines are assembled. Photo: Soeren Stache/dpa

    德國和中國之間的商業聯繫正在接受審查,對一些人來說不那麼重要,對另一些人來說至關重要。

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  • 商業

    Drama series

    The Telefonos de Mexico SAB de CV (Telmex) Communications Tower in Mexico City, Mexico, on Friday, July 22, 2022. About 30,000 workers at Mexico's largest fixed-line telephone and internet company agreed to go back to work Friday while the government mediates a dispute over wages, pensions and benefits, reports the Associated Press. Photographer: Jeoffrey Guillemard/Bloomberg via Getty Images

    控制墨西哥電信的鬥爭:正在實況播出的「美國石油公司」(América Móvil)的傳奇故事。

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  • 商業

    Bartleby

    如果有足夠多的人認為你是個壞老闆,那麼你就是。多明尼克.拉布退出英國政府,以及恐懼在工作場所的作用。

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  • 商業

    Schumpeter

    採礦業是否將迎來新一波的巨型購併?

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  • 財經

    Finance & economics

  • 財經

    The buy-out business

    歡迎來到一個新的低調私募基金投資行業:交易員們正重新開始上工。然而,企圖重拾過去的輝煌並非易事。

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  • 財經

    Banking chaos

    A pedestrian walks toward a First Republic Bank location in San Francisco, Tuesday, April 25, 2023. First Republic Bank's stock plunged Tuesday after it said depositors withdrew more than $100 billion during last month's crisis, with fears swirling that it could be the third bank to fail after the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank. (AP Photo/Jeff Chiu)

    第一共和銀行正處於懸崖邊上,在一系列令人沮喪的結果之後,投資者正在逃離。

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  • 財經

    Crossed wires

    Processed copper cables for export to China at a Sydney Copper Scraps facility in Sydney, Australia, on Wednesday, May 26, 2021. Copper climbed with most other base metals as more central bank officials predict that inflationary pressures are transitory, easing concerns over future demand growth of raw materials deemed key to economic recovery. Photographer: Brendon Thorne/Bloomberg via Getty Images

    商品交易醜聞為何成倍增加?但銀行並不畏懼。

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  • 財經

    Money to burn

    A woman walks towards her friend, holding flowers under a huge screen displaying demining work by Ukrainian Emergency Service, in Kyiv on March 1, 2023. (Photo by Sergei SUPINSKY / AFP) (Photo by SERGEI SUPINSKY/AFP via Getty Images)

    愛國的烏克蘭人正急於交稅,甚至那些在敵後的人也在勉力支應。

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  • 財經

    Priceless recovery

    BEIJING, CHINA - APRIL 18: People walk outside a Sephora store in a busy retail shopping area on April 18, 2023 in Beijing, China. China's National Bureau of Statistics reported 4.5 percent GDP growth year on year in the first quarter of 2023, as the world's second largest economy showed signs of growth after ending three years of strict zero Covid measures earlier this year. In March, total retail sales went up by 10.6% year on year, according to data released. (Photo by Kevin Frayer/Getty Images)

    如果中國的增長如此強勁,為什麼通膨如此疲軟?

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  • 財經

    Asian commerce

    DUBAI,UAE - AUGUST 02: A General view of the Marasi drive taken at sunset on 02.08.2021 in Dubai, United Arab Emirates

    印度企業紛紛湧入阿拉伯聯合大公國,忘記孟買吧,杜拜是個好地方。

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  • 財經

    Buttonwood

    投資者有理由擔心強勁的經濟。

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  • 財經

    Free exchange

    經濟學家和投資人應減少對消費者的關注,因為他們的想法可能是誤導性的。

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  • 科技

    Science & technology

  • 科技

    Overprescribing drugs

    太多的人吃了太多的藥:醫療系統的建立是為了讓人們服用藥物,而不是讓他們放棄用藥。

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  • 科技

    Harsh lessons from a harsh mistress

    Takeshi Hakamada, CEO of Japanese firm ispace, bows after explaining that the communication of the Hakuto-R Mission 1 lander developed by ispace has been cut off, in Tokyo on April 26, 2023. (Photo by JIJI Press / AFP) / Japan OUT (Photo by STR/JIJI Press/AFP via Getty Images)

    半個世紀後,月球任務出現了商業市場:一家日本公司的登月著陸失敗,卻標誌著許多私人部門嘗試的第一次。

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  • 科技

    Tackling global warming

    如果水泥行業是一個國家,它將成為第三大碳污染者。如何用舊水泥製作低碳混凝土?

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  • 文化

    Culture

  • 文化

    Film on the front line

    烏克蘭電影製作人正在捕捉戰爭的真實情況。但是,對許多人來說,現在虛構其恐怖還為時過早。

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  • 文化

    Home Entertainment

    修女愛琳.奧康納的專輯在 50 年前首次錄製,現在已經重新發行了。這位澳大利亞修女的迷幻音樂是一種不可思議的享受。

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  • 文化

    Fiction from Japan

    Sayaka Murata, author of

    西方的讀者正在擁抱日本大膽的女作家。村田沙耶加和大山田博子等作家引起了人們對日本文學的新關注。

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  • 文化

    European history

    Lamartine in front of the Town Hall of Paris rejects the red flag on 25 February 1848. Found in the Collection of MusŽe Carnavalet, Paris. (Photo by Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images)

    「革命的春天」將 1848 年的戲劇性和膽識帶到了現實中。克里斯多夫.克拉克認為,歐洲各地革命者的犧牲並不完全是徒勞的。

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  • 文化

    Finance and society

    GX3B27 Sydney, Australia. 14 September 2016. Action for Public Housing organised a rally in support of public housing and against the sell-off by the Baird NSW government. Public housing is a social asset which should be cherished, not used as real estate for profit as the NSW Government is doing, said Denis Doherty from Action for Public Housing. Protesters met at 12:30pm at the Archibald Fountain in Hyde Park, before marching to the NSW Parliament on Macquarie Street for the 1pm rally. Credit: Richard Milnes/Alamy Live News

    資產管理公司控制著社會上越來越多的必需品的份額。「我們的生活在他們的投資組合中」一書是對這一趨勢的生動描述,但對其成本的批評卻很含糊。

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  • 文化

    Johnson

    ChatGPT 提出了關於人類如何獲得語言的問題,它重新引發了對世界上最著名的語言學家諾姆.喬姆斯基的思想的辯論。

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  • 圖說

    Graphic detail

  • 圖說

    Film with Chinese characteristics

    好萊塢正在失去對中國娛樂市場的爭奪戰:國內電影的崛起對抗西方文化的影響。

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  • 釋義

    The Economist explains

  • 釋義

    The Economist explains

    一部 19 世紀的法律如何能顛覆美國的墮胎機會?《康斯托克法案》禁止張貼墮胎用品,而且從未完全廢除。

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  • 釋義

    The Economist explains

    Mandatory Credit: Photo by DIVYAKANT SOLANKI/EPA-EFE/Shutterstock (13879640l)People wait on the platform to board a local train at Boriwali railway station in Mumbai, India, 20 April 2023. India's population will outstrip China's population to become the most populous country in the world, as estimated by the State of the World Population report of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).India to become the most populous country, Mumbai - 20 Apr 2023

    有史以來第一次,中國將不是世界上最大的國家。為什麼印度的人口即將超過中國?

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  • 訃告

    Obituary

  • 訃告

    Two lives entwined

    貝瑞·亨弗里斯,艾德娜.埃弗爾夫人的創造者和管理者,於 4 月 22 日去世,享年 89 歲。那些認為他們是同一個人的人並不完全錯誤。

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